| هٰذَا بَاْبُ الْحُرُوْفِ الَّتِي تُضْمَرُ فِيْهَا أَنْ | 1٥٥٨٠٠ |
this is the topic of
the terms in which
Ɂan that
is made implicit
|
| وَذٰلِكَ اللَّاْمُ الَّتِي فِي قَوْلِكَ جِئْتُكَ لِتَفْعَلَ | 2٨٥٧٣٤ |
and that is the lâm that is
in your saying
jiɁ-tu-ka li-tafʕalᵃ «I came to you that you do»
«I came to you that you should do»
|
| وَحَتَّى وَذٰلِكَ قَوْلُكَ حَتَّى تَفْعَلَ ذَاْكَ | 3٣١٤١٩ |
and
ḥattã so-that, until
and that is your saying
ḥattã tafʕalᵃ ðākaso that you should do that
|
| فَإِنَّمَا انْتَصَبَ هٰذَا بِــأَنْ | 4١٥٥٦٥ |
well indeed this is raised by
Ɂan that
|
| وَأَنْ هٰهُنَا مُضْمَرَةٌ | 5٥٤١٠٧ |
and
Ɂan that
here is something implicit
|
| وَلَوْ لَمْ تُضْمِرْهَا لَكَاْنَ الْكَلَاْمُ مُحَاْلًا | 6٦١٦٠٥ | and if you were not to make it implicit, then the speech would be distorted |
| لِأَنَّ اللَاْمُ وَحَتَّى إِنَّمَا يَعْمَلَاْنِ فِي الْأَسْمَاْءِ فَتَجُرَّاْنِ | 7٩٨٠٤٩ |
since the lâm and
ḥattã ḥattã
, they only elaborate[2] in
nominals so they retract[2]
|
| وَلَيْسَتَا مِنَ الْحُرُوْفِ الَّتِي تُضَاْفُ إِلَى الْأَفْعَاْلِ | 8٧٨٥٧٢ |
and they are not[2] of the
terms that are associated to the actions Some terms may be followed by a verb, forming
an إضافة, e.g. temporal nouns like “day”,
as in هٰذَا يَوْمُ يَقَوْمُ زَيْدٌ,
“This is the day Zayd stands up.” (See Ch. 260 for
more on this kind of إضافة.)
But حَتَّى or لِ are not in this class,
and since they also do not directly elaborate the verb (see
previous sentence), when followed by a verb,
an implicit أَنْ must be inferred
to make logical structure intelligible (حَسَن).
|
| فَإِذَا أَضْمَرْتَ أَنْ حَسُنَ الْكَلَاْمُ | 9١٦٥٤٨ |
so when you make
Ɂan that
implicit, the speech is felicitous
|
| لِأَنَّ أَنْ وَتَفْعَلَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اسْمٍ وَاْحِدٍ | 10٠٣٠٥١ |
since
Ɂan that
and
tafʕalayou-doᵃ
have the disposition of a
single nominalThat is, when combined as أَنْ تَفْعَلَ.
|
| كَمَا أَنَّ الَّذِي وَصِلَتَهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اسْمٍ وَاْحِدٍ | 11٥٧٦٨٣ |
as that
_l-laðī the one [that]
and its connector have the
disposition of a single nominalE.g. الَّذِي فَعَلَ “the one who did”
has the disposition of a single noun.
|
| فَإِذَا قُلْتَ هُوَ الَّذِي فَعَلَ | 12٠٥٠١٣ |
so when you say
huwa _l-laðī faʕala
«He is the one who did»
|
| فَكَأَنَّكَ قُلْتَ هُوَ الْفَاْعِلُ | 13٨٠٠٣٦ |
well it is like that you say
huwa _l-fāʕilᵘ «He is the doer»
«He is the one doing»
|
| وَإِذَا قُلْتَ أَخْشَى أَنْ تَفْعَلَ | 14٠٠٠١٧ |
and when you say
Ɂaxšã Ɂan tafʕalᵃ «I fear that you do»
«I fear lest you do»
|
| فَكَأَنَّكَ قُلْتَ أَخْشَى فِعْلَكَ | 15٢٢٨٣٤ |
well it is like that you say
Ɂaxšã fiʕlᵃ-ka
«I fear your doing»
|
| أَفَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْفِعْلِ | 16٣٣٦٥٥ |
well surely you see that
Ɂan tafʕalᵃ that you [should] do
has the disposition of
_l-fiʕlthe doing
|
| فَلَمَّا أَضْمَرْتَ أَنْ كُنْتَ قَدْ وَضَعْتَ هَذَيْنِ الْحَرْفَيْنِ مَوَاْضِعَهُمَا | 17٢٧١٨٨ |
for when you make
Ɂan that
implicit, you have situated
these[2] terms[2] in their[2] situations.Lit. set them in their positions/places,
refering to حَتَّى and لِ.
|
| لِأَنَّهُمَا لَا يَعْمَلَاْنِ إِلَّا فِي الْأَسْمَاْءِ | 18٥٨٦١٤ | since they[2] do not elaborate[2] except in the nominals |
| وَلَا يُضَاْفَاْنِ إِلَّا إِلَيْهَا | 19١٨٤٦٤ | and are not associated[2] except to them |
| وَأَنْ وَتَفْعَلَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْفِعْلِ | 20٤٢٨٩٢ |
and
Ɂan that
and
tafʕalayou-doᵃ
have the disposition of
_l-fiʕlthe doing
|
| وَبَعْضُ الْعَرَبِ يَجْعَلُ كَيْ بِمَنْزِلَةِ حَتَّى | 21٦٥٦٢٩ |
and some of the Arabs treat
kay so-that
as having the disposition of
ḥattãḥattã
|
| وَذٰلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُوْلُوْنَ كَيْمَهْ فِي الِاسْتِفْهَاْمِ | 22٩٦٨٥٢ |
and that is that they say
kaymah howso? how is that?
in soliciting understanding
|
| فَيُعْمِلُوْنَهَا فِي الْأَسْمَاْءِ | 23٢٦٨٠٩ | so they make it elaborate in nominals |
| كَمَا قَاْلُوْا حَتَّى مَهْ وَحَتَّى مَتَى وَلِمَهْ | 24٠٧٠٦٢ |
as they say
ḥattã mah up to what?
and
ḥattã matãtill when?
and
li-mahfor what?
|
| فَمَنْ قَاْلَ كَيْمَهْ فَإِنَّهُ يُضْمِرُ أَنْ بَعْدَهَا | 25٥١٢٠٢ |
and whoever says
kaymah howso? how is that?
well he just makes
Ɂanthat
implicit after it
|
| وَأَمَّا مَنْ أَدْخَلَ عَلَيْهَا الـلَّاْمَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ كَلَاْمِهِ كَيْمَهْ | 26٩٩٤٨٢ |
and as for who introduces on it I.e. one who says لِكَيْمَهْ
(or possibly لِكَيْ?).
the
lāmharf lām
and there is not of his speech
kaymahhowso?
|
| فَإِنَّهَا عِنْدَهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أَنْ | 27٢٠٤١٩ |
well for him it is with the
disposition of
Ɂan that
|
| وَتَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا الـلَّاْمُ كَمَا تَدْخُلُ عَلَى أَنْ | 28٥٦٠٩٧ |
and the
lām harf lām
enters on it just as it enters on
Ɂanthat
|
| وَمَنْ قَاْلَ كَيْمَهْ جَعَلَهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الـلَّاْمِ | 29٣٠٤٩٨ |
and whoever says
kaymah howso?
he makes it with the disposition
of the
lāmharf lām
|
| وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ أَنْ لَا تَظْهَرُ بَعْدَ حَتَّى وَكَيْ | 30١٤٨٦٤ |
and know that
Ɂan that
does not appear after
ḥattãuntil-that
and
kayso that
|
| كَمَا لَا يَظْهَرُ بَعْدَ أَمَّا الْفِعْلُ فِي قَوْلِكَ أَمَّا أَنْتَ مُنْطَلِقًا اِنْطَلَقْتُ | 31٥٨٤٢١ |
just as the action does
not appear after
Ɂammā ⌊as for⌋
in your saying
ˀammā Ɂanta munṭaliqᵃⁿ inṭalaq-tu
«As for you going, I went»
|
| وَقَدْ ذُكِرَ حَاْلُهَا فِيْمَا مَضَى | 32١٦٠٩٠ | and its circumstance was mentioned in what has passed |
| وَاكْتَفَوْا عَنْ إِظْهَاْرِ أَنْ بَعْدَهُمَا | 33٥١٩٩٨ |
and they content themselves
without explicitation of
Ɂan that
after them[2]
|
| بِعِلْمِ الْمُخَاْطَبِ أَنَّ هَذَيْنِ الْحَرْفَيْنِ لَا يُضَاْفَاْنِ إِلَى فِعْلٍ | 34٧٥٤٤١ | by the knowledge of the addressee that these[2] terms[2] do not associate[2] to an action |
| وَأَنَّهُمَا لَيْسَا مِمَّا يَعْمَلُ فِي الْفِعْلِ | 35٧٣٧٣٨ | and that they[2] are[2] not among what elaborates in the action |
| وَأَنَّ الْفِعْلَ لَا يَحْسُنُ بَعْدَهُمَا إِلَّا أَنْ يُحْمَلَ عَلَى أَنْ | 36٢١٤٦٦ |
and that the action is not felicitous after them[2]
except that it be supported on
Ɂan that
|
| فَــأَنْ هٰهُنَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْفِعْلِ فِي أَمَّا | 37٩٢٠٣٨ |
for
Ɂan that
here is with the disposition
of the action in
Ɂammā⌊as for⌋
|
| وَمَا كَاْنَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أَمَّا مِمَّا لَا يَظْهَرُ بَعْدَهُ الْفِعْلُ | 38٦٣٤٤١ |
and what is with the disposition of
Ɂammā ⌊as for⌋
-- the action usuallyNB: مِمَّا has two readings:
“among that which”, and (as here) “usually, often”.
does not appear after it
|
| فَصَاْرَ عِنْدَهُمْ بَدَلًا مِنَ اللَّفْظِ بِـأَنْ | 39٣٤٦٦٦ |
so it becomes for them substitution for pronouncing
with
Ɂan that
|
| وَأَمَّا اللَّاْمُ فِي قَوْلِكَ جِئْتُكَ لِتَفْعَلَ | 40٩٥٥٠٢ |
and as for the lâm in your saying
jiɁ-tu-ka li-tafʕalᵃ «I came to you that you do»
«I came to you that you should do»
|
| فَبِمَنْزِلَةِ إِنْ فِي قَوْلِكَ إِنْ خَيْرًا فَخَيْرٌ وَإِنْ شَرًّا فَشَرٌّ | 41٥٢٣١٥ |
well it is with the disposition of
Ɂin if
in your saying
ˀin xayrᵃⁿ fa-xayrᵘⁿ wa-ˀin šarrᵃⁿ fa-šarrᵘⁿ«...if good then good, and if evil then evil»
«...if it be good then good,
and if it be evil then evil»
|
| إِنْ شِئْتَ أَظْهَرْتَ الْفِعْلَ هٰهُنَا | 42٠٩٢٧٠ | if you will you make the action explicit here |
| وَإِنْ شِئْتَ خَزَلْتَهُ وَأَضْمَرْتَهُ | 43٠٥٤١٦ | and if you will you delete it and you make it implicit |
| وَكَذٰلِكَ أَنْ بَعْدَ اللَّاْمِ | 44٧٩٣٩٣ |
and likewise
Ɂan that
after the lâm
|
| إِنْ شِئْتَ أَظْهَرْتَهُ | 45٢٧٦٢٨ | if you will you make it explicit |
| وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَضْمَرْتَهُ | 46٧٨٨٣٩ | and if you will you make it implicit |
| وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّاْمَ قَدْ تَجِيْءُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ لَا يَجُوْزُ فِيْهِ الْإِظْهَاْرُ | 47١٦٢٧٦ | and know that the lâm may come in a situation in which explicitation does not pass |
| وَذٰلِكَ مَا كَاْنَ لِيَفْعَلَ | 48١٦٧٤٨ |
and that is
mā kāna li-yafʕalᵃ «It was not the case that he do»
«It was not the case that he should do»
«He was not to do»
|
| فَصَاْرَتْ أَنْ هٰهُنَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْفِعْلِ فِي قَوْلِكَ إِيَّاْكَ وَزَيْدًا | 49٨٤١٠٦ |
so
Ɂan that
here becomes with the disposition of
the action in your saying
Ɂiyyā-ka wa-zaydᵃⁿ«Beware you of Zayd!»
|
| وَكَأَنَّكَ إِذَا مَثَّلْتَ قُلْتَ مَا كَاْنَ زَيْدٌ لِأَنْ يَفْعَلَ | 50٩٩٨١٨ |
and like that you say, when you idealize,
mā kāna zaydᵘⁿ li-Ɂan yafʕalᵃ «It was not the case that Zayd should do»
«Zayd was not such that he should do»
«Zayd, it was not that he should do»
«Zayd was not to do»
|
| أَيْ مَا كَاْنَ زَيْدٌ لِهٰذَا الْفِعْلِ | 51٩٠٠٣٥ |
i.e.
mā kāna zaydᵘⁿ li-hāðă _l-fiʕlᵢ «Zayd was not for this doing»
|
| فَهٰذَا بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ | 52٥٠٨٨٢ | so this is with its disposition |
| وَدَخَلَ فِيْهِ مَعْنَى نَفْيِ كَاْنَ سَيَفْعَلُ | 53٣٢٨٥٢ |
and the meaning of
the negation of
kāna sa-yafʕalᵘ «He was going to do»
enters it
«?He would do»
|
| فَإِذَا قُلْتَ هٰذَا قُلْتَ مَا كَاْنَ لِيَفْعَلَ | 54٣٣٨٥٣ |
so if you say this, you say
mā kāna li-yafʕalᵃ «He was not going to do»
«?He would not do»
|
| كَمَا كَاْنَ لَنْ يَفْعَلَ نَفْيًا لِــسَيَفْعَلُ | 55٧٨٢٥٣ |
just as
lan yafʕalᵃ «He will not do»
is negation for
sa-yafʕalᵘ«He will do»
|
| وَصَاْرَتْ بَدَلًا مِنَ اللَّفْظِ بِــأَنْ | 56٦٤٢٩٤ |
and it becomes a substitution from
the pronunciation with
Ɂan that
|
| كَمَا كَاْنَتْ أَلِفُ الِاسْتِفْهَاْمِ بَدَلًا مِنْ وَاْوِ الْقَسَمِ | 57٠٦٣٢٩ | just as the alif of soliciting understanding is a substitute from the wāw of swearing [an oath] |
| فِي قَوْلِكَ آللَّهِ لَتَفْعَلَنَّ | 58٧٥٩٠٢ |
in your saying
Ɂāllāhᵢ la-tafʕalanna
«Is it, by God, that you will do?»
|
| فَلَمْ يَذْكُرُوْا إِلَّا أَحَدَ الْحَرْفَيْنِ | 59٣٨٥٢٦ | for they do not mention but one of the terms[2] |
| إِذْ كَاْنَ نَفْيًا لِمَا مَعَهُ حَرْفٌ | 60٠٨٦٦٢ | when it is negation for what is accompanied by a term |
| وَلَمْ يَعْمَلْ فِيْهِ شَيْءٌ لِمُضَاْرَعَتِهِ الْأَسْمَاْءِ | 61٦٠٢٦٠ | and nothing elaborates in it due to its co-homology to the nominals |
| فَكَأَنَّهُ قَدْ ذَكَرَ أَنْ | 62٦٤٤٨٥ |
so it is like that he has mentioned
Ɂan that
|
| كَمَا أَنَّهُ إِذَا قَاْلَ سَقْيًا لَهُ | 63٥٥٢٣٥ |
just as it is when he says
saqyᵃⁿ la-hu
«A raining for him!»
«May God send down rain to him!»
|
| فَكَأَنَّهُ قَاْلَ سَقَاْهُ اللهُ | 64٧٨٤٥٤ |
well it is like that he says
saqā-hu allāhᵘ «God send him rain!»
«May it be the case that God sent him rain»
|
›‹
٢٣٤هٰذَا بَاْبُ الْحُرُوْفِ الَّتِي تُضْمَرُ فِيْهَا أَنْ
٢٣٤
هٰذَا بَاْبُ الْحُرُوْفِ الَّتِي تُضْمَرُ فِيْهَا أَنْ
Commentary
كَيْ and كَيْمَهْ
Segments 21 - 29. This is a tricky passage. When he says 25, he evidently means that those who say كَيْمَهْ treat كَيْ as equivalent to حَتَّى, so they treat it has having an implicit أَنْ. So they would say جِئْتُكَ كَيْ تَفْعَلَ rather than جِئْتُكَ لِكَيْ تَفْعَلَ (see Ch. 233:6). On the other hand, those who do not treat كَيْ as equivalent to حَتَّى (i.e. who do not say كَيْمَهْ), treat it (كَيْ) as equivalent to أَنْ when they say لِكَيْ. Thus, he says (seg 28), the lâm enters on كَيْ to form لِكَيْ, just as it enters on أَنْ to form لِأَنْ, and (seg 29) those who say كَيْمَهْ treat (freestanding) كَيْ (e.g. جِئْتُكَ كَيْ تَفْعَلَ) as equivalent to (freestanding) لِ (e.g. جِئْتُكَ لِتَفْعَلَ).
See also segments 40 - 64 below, which discuss لِ in more detail.
Misc.
إِنْ خَيْرًا فَخَيْرٌ وَإِنْ شَرًّا فَشَرٌّ (seg 41) is analysed in detail in 52:3
NOTE: the negation of كَاْنَ سَيَفْعَلُ is مَا كَاْنَ لِيَفْعَلَ not كَاْنَ لَنْ يَفْعَلَ or مَا كَاْنَ سَيَفْعَلُ (Segments 47 - 55)
Dicta
-
jiɁ-tu-kacame-I-youli-tafʕalᵃfor-that-you-doᵃ«I came to you that you do»«I came to you that you should do»
-
huwahe_l-laðīthe-one-thatfaʕaladid-he«He is the one who did»
-
huwahe_l-fāʕilᵘthe-doerᵘ«He is the doer»«He is the one doing»
-
ɁaxšãI fearɁanthattafʕalᵃyou-doᵃ«I fear that you do»«I fear lest you do»
-
ɁaxšãI fearfiʕlᵃ-katheactionofyou«I fear your doing»
-
ˀammā⌊as for⌋Ɂantayoumunṭaliqᵃⁿdepartingᵃⁿinṭalaq-tudeparted-I«As for you going, I went»
-
jiɁ-tu-kacame-I-youli-tafʕalᵃfor-that-you-doᵃ«I came to you that you do»«I came to you that you should do»
-
ˀinifxayrᵃⁿexcellentᵃⁿfa-xayrᵘⁿbetterᵘⁿwa-ˀinand_ifšarrᵃⁿevilᵃⁿfa-šarrᵘⁿthen-evilᵘⁿ«...if good then good, and if evil then evil»«...if it be good then good, and if it be evil then evil»Analysed in detail in Ch. 52.
-
mānotkānawasli-yafʕalᵃfor-that-you-doᵃ«It was not the case that he do»«It was not the case that he should do»«He was not to do»
-
Ɂiyyā-katheewa-zaydᵃⁿand Zaydᵃⁿ«Beware you of Zayd!»
-
mānotkānawaszaydᵘⁿZaydᵘⁿli-Ɂanso thatyafʕalᵃhe-doᵃ«It was not the case that Zayd should do»«Zayd was not such that he should do»«Zayd, it was not that he should do»«Zayd was not to do»
-
mānotkānawaszaydᵘⁿZaydᵘⁿli-hāðăfor this_l-fiʕlᵢthe action«Zayd was not for this doing»
-
kānawassa-yafʕalᵘhe-doesᵘ«He was going to do»«?He would do»
-
mānotkānawasli-yafʕalᵃfor-that-you-doᵃ«He was not going to do»«?He would not do»
-
lanwill-notyafʕalᵃhe-doᵃ«He will not do»
-
sa-yafʕalᵘhe-doesᵘ«He will do»
-
Ɂāllāhᵢ[آللهِ]la-tafʕalannathat-you-do (oath)«Is it, by God, that you will do?»
-
saqyᵃⁿwateringᵃⁿla-hufor-it«A raining for him!»«May God send down rain to him!»
-
saqā-huhe watered himallāhᵘAllah«God send him rain!»«May it be the case that God sent him rain»
Colophon
Pagination
Derenbourg
١-٣٦٢
بلاق
١-٤٠٧
هارون
٣-٥
يعقوب
٣-٤
البكّاء
٤-١١٥
Status(revision / pct complete)
Last update
2026-05-03
Tashkeel
2 / 100%
Segmentation
2 / 100%
Dicta
2 / 100%