٢٣٨
هٰذَا بَاْبُ حَتَّى

هٰذَا بَاْبُ حَتَّى 1٨١٤٣٢ this is the topic of ḥattã
that
اِعْلَمْ أَنَّ حَتَّى تَنْصِبُ عَلَى وَجْهَيْنَ 2٠٩٧٦٤ know that ḥattã
that
raises on two ways
فَأَحَدُهُمَا أَنْ تَجْعَلَ الدُّخُوْلَ غَاْيَةً لِمَسِيْرِكَ 3١٨٩١١ well one of them[2] is that you make the entering an end-point for your journeying
وَذٰلِكَ قَوْلُكَ سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلَهَا 4٤١٦١٨ and that is your saying sir-tu ḥattă Ɂadxul-hā
«I journeyed until I could enter it»
كَأَنَّكَ قُلْتَ سِرْتُ إِلَى أَنْ أَدْخُلَهَا 5٠١٦١٩ as if you said sir-tu Ɂilã Ɂan Ɂadxul-hā
«I journeyed to that I could enter it»
فَالنَّاْصِبُ لِلْفِعْلِ هٰهُنَا هُوَ الْجَاْرُّ لِلِاسْمِ إِذَا كَاْنَ غَاْيَةً 6٦١٥٣١ for what raises for the action here, it is what retracts for the nominal when it is an end-point
فَالْفِعْلُ إِذَا كَاْنَ غَاْيَةً نَصْبٌ 7٩١١٧٣ so the action when it is an end-point is raising
وَالِاسْمُ إِذَا كَاْنَ غَاْيَةً جَرٌ 8٨٧٨٧٠ and the nominal when it is an end-point is retraction
وَهٰذَا قَوْلُ الْخَلِيْلِ 9٣١٧٤٨ and this is the saying of al-Khalīl
وَأَمَّا الْوَجْهُ الْآخَرُ 10٢٤٥٣٤ and as for the other way
فَأَنْ يَكُوْنَ السَّيْرُ قَدْ كَاْنَ وَالدُّخُوْلُ لَمْ يَكُنْ 11٧٦٥٨٤ well that the journeying has been and the entering has not been
وَذٰلِكَ إذَا جَاْءَتْ مِثْلَ كَيْ اِلَّتِي فِيْهَا إِضْمَاْرُ أَنْ وَفِيَ مَعْنَاْهَا 12٧٥٦٥٩ and that is when something like kay
so-that
comes, in which Ɂan
that
is implicit, and is in its meaning
وَذٰلِكَ قَوْلُكَ كَلَّمْتُهُ حَتَّى يَأْمُرَ لِي بِشَيْءٍ 13٢٦٤٣١ and that is your saying kallam-tu-hu ḥattă yaɁmur lī bi-šayɁᵢₙ
«I spoke to him so that he order something for me»
وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ حَتَّى يُرْفَعُ الْفِعْلُ بَعْدَهَا عَلَى وَجْهَيْنِ 14٧٩٢١٨ and know that ḥattã
until-that
, the action after it is foregrounded on two ways
تَقُوْلُ سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا 15٤٨٧٥٦ you say sir-tu ḥattă Ɂadxul-hā
«I journeyd until I entered it»
تَعْنِي أَنَّهُ كَاْنَ دُخُوْلٌ مُتَّصِلٌ بِالسَّيْرِ 16٣٢٤٨٢ you mean that there was an entering connected with the journeying
كَاتِّصَاْلِهِ بِهِ بِالْفَاْءِ إِذَا قُلْتَ سِرْتُ فَأَدْخُلُهَا 17١٧١٣٠ like its connection with the fāˀ when you say sir-tu fa-Ɂadxul-hā
«I journeyed then entered it»
فَـأَدْخُلُهَا هَهُنَا عَلَى قَوْلِكَ هُوَ يَدْخُلُ وَهُوَ يَضْرِبُ 18٠٤٦٢٢ for Ɂadxul-hā
I enter if
here is on your saying huwa yadxul
«he enters»
«he is entering»
and huwa yaḍrib
«he strikes»
«he is striking»
إِذَا كُنْتَ تُخْبِرُ أَنَّهُ فِي عَمَلِهِ وَأَنَّ عَمَلَهُ لَمْ يَنْقَطِعْ 19٢٦٥٢٩ when you inform that it is in its doing and that its doing has not cut off
فَإِذَا قَاْلَ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا 20٦١٦٥٠ so if he says ḥattã Ɂadxul-hā
that I enter it
فَكَأَنَّهُ يَقُوْلُ سِرْتُ فَإِذَا أَنَا فِي حَاْلِ دُخُوْلٍ 21٩٦٧٠٣ well it is as if he said sir-tu fa-Ɂiðã Ɂanā fī ḥāl duxūlᵢₙ
«I journeyed, then lo I am in a state of entering»
فَالدُّخُوْلُ مُتَّصِلٌ بِالسَّيْرِ كَاتِّصَاْلِهِ بِالْفَاْءِ 22٧٨٧٨٠ so the entering is connected with the journeying, like its connection with the fāˀ
فَـحَتَّى صَاْرَتْ هٰهُنَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ إِذَا وَمَا أَشْبَهَهَا مِنْ حُرُوْفِ الِابْتِدَاْءِ 23٣٢٥٩١ for ḥattã
that
becomes here with the disposition of Ɂiðā
when
and what resembles it of the terms of initiation
لَأَنَّهَا لَمْ تَجِئْ عَلَى مَعْنَى إِلَى أَنْ وَلَا مَعْنَى كَيْ 24٦٠٥٩٠ since it does not come on the meaning of Ɂilã Ɂan
to that
nor the meaning of kay
so-that
فَخَرَجَتْ مِنْ حُرُوْفِ النَّصْبِ 25٥٢٩٨١ so it exits from the terms of raising
كَمَا خَرَجَتْ إِذَنْ مِنْهَا فِي قَوْلِكَ إِذَنْ أَظُنُّكَ 26٦٠٩٨٨ just as Ɂiðan
then
exits from it in your saying Ɂiðan Ɂaẓunn-ka
«then I think you»
وَأَمَّا الْوَجْهُ الْآخَرُ 27٩٦٠٩٣ and as for the other way
فَإِنَّهُ يَكُوْنُ السَّيْرُ قَدْ كَاْنَ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ 28٩٤٤٤٣ well it is that the journeying and what resembles it has been,
وَيَكُوْنُ الدُّخُوْلُ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ الْآنَ 29١٤٣٧٣ and the entering and what resembles it is now
فَمِنْ ذٰلِكَ لَقَدْ سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا مَا أُمْنَعُ 30٠٥٩٩١ so of that is la-qad sir-tu ḥattă Ɂadxul-hā mā Ɂumnaʕ
«I have journeyed until I (now) enter it [so long as] not prevented(?)»
أَيْ حَتَّى أَنِّي الْآنَ أَدْخُلُهَا كَيْفَمَا شِئْتَ 31٢٣٧٢٨ i.e. ḥattã Ɂannī _l-Ɂāna Ɂadxul-hā kayfa-mā šiɁ-ta
until that I now enter it howsowever you will
وَمِثْلُ ذٰلِكَ قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ لَقَدْ رَأَى مِنِّي عَاْمًا أَوَّلَ شَيْئًا حَتَّى لَا أَسْتَطِيْعُ أَنْ أُكَلِّمَهُ الْعَاْمَ بِشَيْءٍ 32٩٠٧٠١ and like that is the saying of the man la-qad raɁã minnī ʕāmᵃⁿ Ɂawwal šayɁᵃⁿ ḥattă lā Ɂastaṭīʕ Ɂan Ɂukallim-hu _l-Ɂām bi-šayɁᵢₙ
«He has seen from me last year something, until I cannot talk to him this year about anything»
وَلَقَدْ مَرِضَ حَتَّى لَا يَرْجُوْنَهُ 33٠٥٦٥٤ and la-qad mariḍa ḥattă lā yarjūna-hu
«He sickened until they have no hope for him»
«He sickened so, that they now have no hope for him»
«He sickened to the point that they now have no hope for him»
وَالرَّفْعُ هٰهُنَا فِي الْوَجْهَيْنِ جَمِيْعًا كَالرَّفْعِ فِي الِاسْمِ 34٣٦٢٣١ and foregrounding here in both ways is like the foregrounding in the nominal
قَاْلَ الْفَرْزَدْقُ 35١٤٥١١ _l-Farazdaq said
36٢٨٢٨٢
فَـحَتَّى هٰهُنَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ إِذَا 37٦٥٥١٢ so ḥattã
that
here is with the disposition of Ɂiðā
when
وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ هٰهُنَا كَحَرْفٍ مِنْ حُرُوْفِ الِابْتِدَاْءِ 38١٩٣٨٧ and yet here it is like a term from the terms of initiation
وَمِثْلُ ذٰلِكَ شَرِبَتْ حَتَّى يَجِيْءُ الْبَعِيْرُ يَجُرُّ بَطْنَهُ 39٣١٣٦٥ and like that is šaribat ḥattă yajīɁ _l-baʕīr yajurr baṭn-hu
«They drank until the camel comes dragging its belly»
أَيْ حَتَّى إِنَّ الْبَعِيْرَ لَيَجِيْءُ يَجُرُّ بَطْنَهُ 40٢٣٧٢٩ i.e. ḥattă ˀinna _l-baʕīr la-yajīɁ yajurr baṭn-hu
«until the camel indeed, it comes dragging its belly»
وَيَدُلُّكَ عَلَى حَتَّى أَنَّهَا حَرْفٌ مِنْ حُرُوْفِ الِابْتِدَاْءِ 41١٨٦٨٣ and what indicates to you on ḥattã
that
that it is a term from the terms of initiation
أَنَّكَ تَقُوْلُ حَتَّى إِنَّهَ لَيَفْعَلُ ذَاْكَ 42٤٩٠٨١ is that you say ḥattă Ɂinna-hu la-yafʕal ðāka
«until indeed he does that»
كَمَا تَقُوْلُ فَإِذَا إِنَّهُ يَفْعَلُ ذَاْكَ 43٢٦٠١٠ as you say fa-Ɂiðā ˀinna-hu yafʕal ðāka
«then lo! indeed he does that»
وَمِثْلُ ذٰلِكَ قَوْلُ حَسَّاْنِ ابْنِ ثَاْبِتٍ 44٩٥٢٨٨ and like that is the saying of Ḥassān ـbn Θābitᵢₙ
45٩٦٦٧٦
وَمِثْلُ ذٰلِكَ مَرِضَ حَتَّى يَمُرُّ بِهِ الطَّاْئِرُ فَيَرْحَمُهُ 46٣٩٨١٤ and like that is mariḍa ḥattă yamurr bi-hi _ṭ-ṭāɁir fa-yarḥam-hu
«He sicked to the point that the sedate/grave pass by him and pity him»
وَسِرْتُ حَتَّى يَعْلَمُ اللهُ أَنِّي كَاْلٌّ 47٢٩٩١٨ and sir-tu ḥattă yaʕlam allāh Ɂannī kāllᵘⁿ
«I journeyed until, God knows, I am exhausted»
وَالْفِعْلُ هٰهُنَا مُنْقَطِعٌ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ 48٦٧٦٩٦ and the action here is cut off from the antecedent
وَهُوَ فِي الْوَجْهِ الْأَوَّلِ الَّذِي ارْتَفَعَ فِيْهِ مُتَّصِلٌ كَاتِّصَاْلِهِ بِهِ بِالْفَاْءِ 49٦٠٧٩٦ while in the first way in which it is foregrounded, it is connected like its connection to it by the fāˀ
كَأَنَّهُ قَاْلَ سَيْرٌ فَدُخُوْلٌ 50١٣٢٨٤ as if he said sayrᵘⁿ fa-duxūlᵘⁿ
a journeying then an entering
كَمَا قَاْلَ عَلْقَمَةُ ابْنُ عَبْدَةَ 51٨٦٨٢٠ as Ɂalqamat _bn ʕabdat said
52٧٦٢٤٨
لَمْ يَجْعَلْ رُكُوْبَهُ الآنَ وَرَحْلَتَهُ فِيْمَا مَضَى 53٩٠٠٠٧ he did not make his riding now and his journey in the past
وَلَمْ يَجْعَلِ الدُّخُوْلَ الآنَ وَسَيْرَهُ فِيْمَا مَضَى 54١٧٥٤٠ and he did not make the entering now and his journeying in the past
وَلَكِنَّ الآخِرَ مُتَّصِلٌ بِالأَوَّلِ وَلَمْ يَقَعْ وَاْحِدٌ دُوْنَ الآخِرِ 55١٠٤٣٧ but the latter is connected with the former and one did not occur without the other
وإِذَا قُلْتَ لَقَدْ ضُرِبَ أَمْسِ حَتَّى لَا يَسْتَطِيْعُ أَنْ يَتَحَرَّكَ الْيَوْمَ 56٨٠٦٧٣ and when you say la-qad ḍuriba ˀamsi ḥattă lā yastaṭīʕ Ɂan yajaḥarraka _l-yawm
«He has been struck yesterday, until he cannot move today»
فَلَيْسَ كَقَوْلِكَ سِرْتُ فَأَدْخُلُهَا 57٤٣٣٢١ well it is not like your saying sir-tu fa-Ɂadxul-hā
«I journeyed then I enter it»
إِذَا لَمْ تُرِدْ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ الدُّخُوْلَ السَّاْعَةَ 58٠٣٧٩١ when you did not intend that you make the entering this instant
لِأَنَّ السَّيْرَ وَالدُّخُوْلَ جَمِيْعًا وَقَعَا فِيْمَا مَضَى 59٤٦٧٣٣ since the journeying and the entering together occurred[2] in the past
وَكَذٰلِكَ مَرِضَ حَتَّى لَا يَرْجُوْنَهُ 60٩٧٥٠٧ and similarly mariḍa ḥattă lā yarjūna-hu
«He sickened until they now have no hope for him»
أَيْ حَتَّى إِنَّهُ الْآنَ لَا يَرُجُوْنَهُ 61٤١٤٧٥ i.e. ḥattă ˀinna-hu al-Ɂāna lā yarjūna-hu
«until he indeed, now, they hope not for him»
«until it is the case, now, that they hope not for him»
فَهٰذَا لَيْسَ مُتَّصِلًا بِالْأَوَّلِ وَاْقِعًا مَعَهُ فِيْمَا مَضَى 62١٣٨٨٨ for this is not connected with the antecedent, occurring with it in the past
وَلَيْسَ قَوْلُنَا كَاتِّصَاْلِ الْفَاْءِ يَعْنِي أَنَّ مَعْنَاْهُ مَعْنَى الْفَاْءِ 63٨٩٧٥٥ and our saying “like the connection of the fāˀ does not mean that its meaning is the meaning of the fāˀ
وَلَكِنَّكَ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تُخْبِرَ أَنَّهُ مُتَّصِلٌ بِالْأَوَّلِ 64٣٦٨٥٧ but you intended that you inform that it is connected with the antecedent
وَأَنَّهُمَا وَقَعَا فِيْمَا مَضَى 65٦٦٣٠٢ and that they[2] occurred[2] in the past
وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَ حَتَّى فِي الِاتِّصَاْلِ وَبَيْنَهُ فِي الِانْفِصَاْلِ فَرْقٌ 66٤٩٠٤٨ and there is not, between ḥattã
that
in connection and in separation, a difference
فِي أَنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ حَرْفِ الِابْتِدَاْءِ 67٤١٨٢٧ in that it is with the disposition of the term of initiation
وَأَنَّ الْمَعْنَى وَاْحِدٌ 68٩٩٧٥٠ and that the meaning is one
إلَّا أَنَّ أَحَدَ الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ 69١٢٦٥٠ except that one of the situations[2],
الدُّخُوْلُ فِيْهِ مُتَّصِلٌ بِالسِّيَرِ وَقَدْ مَضَى السَّيْرُ وَالدُّخُوْلُ 70٦٠٢٠٢ the entering in it is connected with the journeying and the journeying and the entering have passed
وَالْآخَرُ مُنْفَصِلٌ وَهُوَ الْآنَ فِي حَاْلِ الدُّخُوْلِ 71٨٥١٧٠ and the other situation separates, it being now in the circumstance of entering
وَإِنَّمَا اتِّصَاْلُهُ فِي أَنَّهُ كَاْنَ فِيْمَا مَضَى 72٢١١٤٨ but its connection is in that it is in the past
وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ يُفَاْرِقُ مَوْضِعَهُ الْآخَرَ فِي شَيْءٍ إِذَا رَفَعْتَ 73٢٨١٩٧ otherwise, well indeed it does not differ in its other situation in anything when you foreground
I.e. the two uses of حتّى differ only with respect to the temporal “location” of the postcedent verb relative to the antecedent verb. E.g. “I journeyed (past) until I enter[ed] (past)” versus “I journeyed (past) until I enter (present)”.

Commentary

Dicta

  1. sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattăuntil-that
    Ɂadxul-hāI-[should]-enter-it
    «I journeyed until I could enter it»
  2. sir-tujourneyed-I
    Ɂilãto
    Ɂanthat
    Ɂadxul-hāI-[should]-enter-it
    «I journeyed to that I could enter it»
  3. kallam-tu-huI spoke to him
    ḥattăuntil-that
    yaɁmurhe order
    for-me
    bi-šayɁᵢₙof something
    «I spoke to him so that he order something for me»
  4. sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattăuntil-that
    Ɂadxul-hāI-enter-it
    «I journeyd until I entered it»
  5. sir-tujourneyed-I
    fa-Ɂadxul-hāthen I enter it
    «I journeyed then entered it»
  6. huwahe
    yadxulhe-enters
    «he enters»
    «he is entering»
  7. huwahe
    yaḍribhe_strikes
    «he strikes»
    «he is striking»
  8. sir-tujourneyed-I
    fa-Ɂiðãand lo!
    ɁanāI
    in
    ḥālstate
    duxūlᵢₙentering
    «I journeyed, then lo I am in a state of entering»
  9. Ɂiðanthen
    Ɂaẓunn-kaI think/deem you
    «then I think you»
  10. la-qad(perfective particle)
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattăuntil-that
    Ɂadxul-hāI-[shall]enter-it
    not
    ɁumnaʕI-am-prevented
    «I have journeyed until I (now) enter it [so long as] not prevented(?)»
  11. la-qadla-qad
    raɁãhe saw
    minnīfrom-me
    ʕāmᵃⁿyear
    Ɂawwalprevious
    šayɁᵃⁿsomething
    ḥattăuntil-that
    not
    ɁastaṭīʕI can
    Ɂanthat
    Ɂukallim-hu[أُكَلِّمَهُ]
    _l-Ɂām[الْعَاْمَ]
    bi-šayɁᵢₙwith-something
    «He has seen from me last year something, until I cannot talk to him this year about anything»
  12. la-qadla-qad
    mariḍahe sickened
    ḥattăuntil-that
    not
    yarjūna-hu[يَرْجُوْنَهُ]
    «He sickened until they have no hope for him»
    «He sickened so, that they now have no hope for him»
    «He sickened to the point that they now have no hope for him»
  13. šaribatthey drank
    ḥattăuntil-that
    yajīɁhe comes
    _l-baʕīrthe camel
    yajurrhe pulls
    baṭn-huhis belly
    «They drank until the camel comes dragging its belly»
  14. ḥattăuntil-that
    ˀinnaindeed
    _l-baʕīrthe camel
    la-yajīɁ[لَيَجِيْءُ]
    yajurrhe pulls
    baṭn-huhis belly
    «until the camel indeed, it comes dragging its belly»
  15. ḥattăuntil-that
    Ɂinna-huhe indeed
    la-yafʕalhe does
    ðākathat
    «until indeed he does that»
  16. fa-Ɂiðāthen lo!
    ˀinna-huindeed-he
    yafʕalhe-does
    ðākaðatô-you
    «then lo! indeed he does that»
  17. mariḍahe sickened
    ḥattăuntil-that
    yamurrhe passed (by)
    bi-hiby-him/it
    _ṭ-ṭāɁirsomeone grave, sedate
    fa-yarḥam-huso he pities him
    «He sicked to the point that the sedate/grave pass by him and pity him»
  18. sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattăuntil-that
    yaʕlamhe knows
    allāhAllah
    Ɂannīthat I
    kāllᵘⁿfatigued
    «I journeyed until, God knows, I am exhausted»
  19. la-qadla-qad
    ḍuribawas-struck-he
    ˀamsiyesterday
    ḥattăuntil-that
    not
    yastaṭīʕhe can
    Ɂanthat
    yajaḥarrakahe moves
    _l-yawmthe-day
    «He has been struck yesterday, until he cannot move today»
  20. sir-tujourneyed-I
    fa-Ɂadxul-hā[فَأَدْخُلُهَا]
    «I journeyed then I enter it»
  21. mariḍahe sickened
    ḥattăuntil-that
    not
    yarjūna-huthey hope for him
    «He sickened until they now have no hope for him»
  22. ḥattăuntil-that
    ˀinna-huindeed-he
    al-Ɂāna[الْآنَ]
    not
    yarjūna-huthey hope for him
    «until he indeed, now, they hope not for him»
    «until it is the case, now, that they hope not for him»

Poetry

  1. الْفَرْزَدْقُ
    [فَيَا][فَيَا]
    [عَجَبًا][عَجَبًا]
    ḥattăuntil-that
    [كُلَيْبٌ][كُلَيْبٌ]
    [تَسُبُّنِي][تَسُبُّنِي]
    kᵃ-Ɂᵃn²ᵃas-that
    [أَبَاْهَا][أَبَاْهَا]
    [نَهْشَلٌ][نَهْشَلٌ]
    ˀawor
    [مُجَاْشِعُ][مُجَاْشِعُ]
  2. حَسَّاْنُ ابْنُ ثَاْبِتٍ
    [يُغْشَوْنَ][يُغْشَوْنَ]
    ḥattăuntil-that
    not
    [تَهِرُّ][تَهِرُّ]
    [كِلَاْبُهُمْ][كِلَاْبُهُمْ]
    not
    [يَسَاْلُوْنَ][يَسَاْلُوْنَ]
    [عَنِ][عَنِ]
    [السَّوَاْدِ][السَّوَاْدِ]
    [الْمُقْبِلِ][الْمُقْبِلِ]
  3. عَلْقَمَةُ ابْنُ عَبْدَةَ
    [تُرَاْدَى][تُرَاْدَى]
    ʕalăupon
    [دِمْنِ][دِمْنِ]
    [الْحِيَاْضِ][الْحِيَاْضِ]
    [فَإِنْ][فَإِنْ]
    [تَعَفْ][تَعَفْ]
    [فَإِنَّ][فَإِنَّ]
    [الْمُنَدَّى][الْمُنَدَّى]
    [رِحْلَةٌ][رِحْلَةٌ]
    [فَرُكُوْبُ][فَرُكُوْبُ]

Colophon

Pagination

Derenbourg
١-٣٦٧
بلاق
١-٤١٣
هارون
٣-١٦
يعقوب
٣-١٦
البكّاء
٤-١٢٩

Status(revision / pct complete)

Last update
2026-04-29
Tashkeel
2 / 100%
Segmentation
2 / 100%
Dicta
2 / 100%
Poetry
2 / 100%

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