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٢٤٠
هٰذَا بَاْبُ مَا يَكُوْنُ الْعَمَلُ فِيْهِ مِنِ اثْنَيْنِ

هٰذَا بَاْبُ مَا يَكُوْنُ الْعَمَلُ فِيْهِ مِنِ اثْنَيْنِ 1٢٥٢٤٥ this is the topic of that in which the elaboration is of/from two
وَذٰلِكَ قَوْلُكَ سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَهَا زَيْدٌ 2١٤٤٤٩ and that is your saying sir-tu ḥattã yadẋulᵃ-hā zaydᵘⁿ
«I journeyed until Zayd should enter it»
«I journeyed until even Zayd should enter it»
إذَا كَاْنَ دُخُوْلُ زَيْدٍ لَمْ يُؤَدِّهِ سَيْرُكَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ سَبَبُهُ 3٠٣٧٦٢ when the entering of Zayd -- your journeying did not achieve it and was not the correlate
سَبَب (sabab), lit. something leading to another thing (not “cause”). See below, segs 5, 15, 17,
of it
فَيَصِيْرُ هٰذَا كَقَوْلِك سِرْتُ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ 4٢٢١٥٢ so this becomes like your saying sir-tu ḥattã taṭlaʕᵃ _š-šamsᵘ
«I journeyed until that the sun should rise»
لِأَنَّ سَيْرَك لَا يَكُوْنُ سَبَبًا لِطُلُوْعِ الشَّمْسِ وَلَا يُؤَدِّيْهِ 5٤١٧١٥ since your journeying is not a correlate for the rising of the sun and did not achieve it
وَلَكِنَّك لَوْ قُلْتَ سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلُهَا ثَقَلِي 6٤٧٤٧٥ but you, if you say sir-tu ḥattã yadẋulᵘ-hā θaqal-ī
«I journeyed until my stuff does enter it»
«I journeyed until my stuff was entering it»
وَسِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلُهَا بَدَنِي 7٨١٤٣١ and sir-tu ḥattã yadẋulᵘ-hā badan-ī
«I journeyed until my body does enter it»
«I journeyed until my body was entering it»
لَرَفَعْتَ لِأَنَّك جَعَلْتَ دُخُوْلَ ثَقَلِكَ يُؤَدِّيْهِ سَيْرُكَ 8٨٣٥٩٢ then you foregrounded since you made your journeying achieve the entering of your stuff
وَبَدَنُكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ دُخُوْلُهُ إلَّا بِسَيْرِكِ 9٨٨١٦٩ and your body -- its entering was not except by your journeying
وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ مُجَاْهِدًا قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ 10٦٥٨٥١ and it reached us the Mujāhid read this ayah:
وَزُلْزِلُوْا حَتَّى يَقُوْلَ الرَّسُوْلُ 11٩٤٦٩٨
وهِيَ قِرَاْءَةُ أَهْلِ الْحَجَاْزِ 12١٣١٣٦ and it is the reading of the people of the Ḥijāz
وَتَقُوْلُ سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَهَا زَيْدٌ وَأَدْخُلَهَا 13٥٦١١٦ and you say sir-tu ḥattã yadẋulᵃ-hā zaydᵘⁿ wa-Ɂadxulᵃ-hā
«I journeyed until that Zayd should enter it and I should enter it»
«I journeyed until even Zayd should enter it and I should enter it»
وَسِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا وَيَدْخُلُهَا زَيْدٌ 14٤٩٢٤٣ and sir-tu ḥattã Ɂadxulᵘ-hā wa-yadxulᵘ-hā zaydᵘⁿ
«I journeyed until I enter it and Zayd enters it»
إِذَا جَعَلْتَ دُخُوْلَ زَيْدٍ مِنْ سَبَبِ سَيْرِكَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَدَّاْهُ 15٦٠٢٥٢ when you make the entering of Zayd of/from the correlate of your journeying
Meaning, your journeying leads to the entering; see segment 17 below.
 and it
I.e. your journeying
 is what achieves it
I.e. Zayd's entering
وَلَا تَجِدُ بُدًّا مِنْ أَنْ تَجْعَلَهُ هٰهُنَا فِي تِلْكَ الْحَاْلِ 16٤٦٩٧٣ and you do not find escape from that you make it here in that circumstance
لِأَنَّ رَفْعَ الْأَوَّلِ لَا يَكُوْنُ إِلَّا وَسَبَبُ دُخُوْلِهِ سَيْرُهَ 17٣٤١٧٦ since the foregrounding of the first
I.e. the first “verb” after حَتَّى
 - it is not, except that your journeying is the correlate
سَبَب (sabab), lit. something leading to another thing (not “cause”).
 of your entering it.
وإِذَا كَاْنَتْ هٰذِهِ حَاْلَ الأَوَّلِ لَمْ يَكُنْ بُدٌّ لِلآخِرِ مِنْ أَنْ يَتْبَعَهُ 18٠٠٨٣٦ and when this is the circumstance of the first, there is no escaping for the last from that it follow it
I.e. that the last “follow” (=agree with) the first.
لأَنَّكَ تَعْطِفُهُ عَلَى دُخُوْلِكَ فِي حَتَّى 19١٨٩٤٣ since you fold
عَطْف: adjunction. The metaphor is bending/folding over, overlapping.
it over your entering in ḥattã
until-that
وَذٰلِكَ أَنَّهُ يَجُوْزُ أَنْ تَقُوْلَ سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلُهَا زَيْدٌ 20٢٠٨٧٠ and that is that it passes that you say sir-tu ḥattã yadẋulᵘ-hā zaydᵘⁿ
«I journeyed until Zayd enters it»
«I journeyed until even Zayd enters it»
إِذَا كَاْنَ سَيْرُكَ يُؤَدِّي دُخُوْلَهُ 21١٨٤٧٢ when your journeying leads to his entering
كَمَا تَقُوْلُ سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلُهَا ثَقَلِي 22٠٨٦٠٨ as you say sir-tu ḥattã yadẋulᵘ-hā θaqal-ī
«I journeyed until my stuff enters it»
وَتَقُوْلُ سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا وَحَتَّى يَدْخُلَهَا زَيْدٌ 23٣٩٠٤٥ and you say sir-tu ḥattã Ɂadxulᵘ-hā wa-ḥattã yadẋulᵃ-hā zaydᵘⁿ
«I journeyed until I enter it and until Zayd should enter it»
لأَنَّكَ لَوْ قُلْتَ سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا وَحَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ كَاْنَ جَيِّدًا 24٠٥٦٤١ since if you say sir-tu ḥattã Ɂadxulᵘ-hā wa-ḥattã taṭlaʕᵃ _š-šamsᵘ
«I journeyed until I enter it and until the sun should rise»
 it is excellent
وَصَاْرَتْ إِعَاْدَتُكَ حَتَّى كَإِعَاْدَتِكَ لَهُ فِي تَبًا لَهُ وَوَيْلٌ لَهُ 25٢٨٣٩٨ and your repeating ḥattã
until-that
 is like your repeating la-hu
for-it
 in tabbᵃⁿ la-hu waylᵃⁿ la-hu
«Perdition for him and woe unto him!»
وَمَنْ عَمْرًا وَمَنْ أَخُو زَيْدٍ 26٢٠٢٨١ and man ʕamrᵃⁿ wa-man Ɂaxū zaydᵢₙ
«¿Who is Amr and who is the brother of Zayd?»
وَقَدْ يَجُوْزُ أَنْ تَقُوْلَ سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلُهَا زَيْدٌ إِذَا كَاْنَ أَدَّاْهُ سَيْرُكَ 27٩٧٧٨٦ and it passes that you say sir-tu ḥattã yadẋulᵘ-hā zaydᵘⁿ
«I journeyed until Zayd enters it»
«I journeyed even until Zayd enters it»
«I journeyed such that Zayd enters it»
 when your journeying leads to to it
وَمِثْلُ ذٰلِكَ قِرَاْءَةُ أَهْلِ الْحِجَاْزِ 28٢٧٢٤٠ and like that is the recitation of the folk of the Ḥijāz
وَزَلْزِلُوْا حَتَّى يَقُوْلُ الرَّسُوْلُ 29٩٠٣٩٧
وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوْزُ سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا وَتَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ 30٥٠٤٥٧ know that sir-tu ḥattã Ɂadxulᵘ-hā wa-taṭlaʕᵘ _š-šamsᵘ
«I journeyed until I enter it and the sun rises»
 does not pass
يَقُوْلُ إِذَا رَفَعْتَ طُلُوْعَ الشَّمْسِ لَمْ يُجُزْ 31١٤٩٥٦ he
al-Xalīl?
 says: if you foreground the rising of the sun it does not pass
وَإِنْ نَصَبْتَ وَقَدْ رَفَعْتَ فِعْلَكَ فَهُوَ مُحَاْلٌ 32٤٠٦٤٨ and if you raise
I.e. if you say وَتَطْلُعَ
, having foregrounded your action,
Referring to أَدْخُلُ in this example.
 then it is distorted
حَتَّى تَنْصِبَ فِعْلَكَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْعَطْفِ 33٧٧٥٢٠ unless you raise your action for folding
“Folding” or “overlapping”: metaphor for adjunction with (case) agreement. In this kind of construction both verbs after حَتَّى should have the same case, which in this particular example can only be نَصْب. See segment 19 above.
فَهٰذَا مُحَاْلٌ أَنْ تَرْفَعَ 34٧٦٩٠٠ for this is distorted that you foreground
وَلَمْ يَكُنِ الرَّفْعُ لِأَنَّ طُلُوْعَ الشَّمْسِ لَا يَكُوْنُ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيْهِ سَيْرُكَ فَتَرْفَعَ تَطْلُعُ 35١٨٧٧٢ and there is not foregrounding since the rising of the sun - it is not that your journey achieves it, so that you should foreground taṭluʕᵘ
it rises
وَقَدْ حُلْتَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ النَّاْصِبَةِ 36٩٧٥٦١ you having shifted between it and between what raises
I.e. it is not the case that you have introduced something between حتّى and تطلُعَ that “shifts” the meaning and prevents حتّى from functioning as a ناصبة word.
وَيَحْسُنُ أَنْ تَقُوْلَ سِرْتُ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ وَحَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا 37٧٩٦١٦ and it is felicitous that you say sir-tu ḥattã taṭluʕᵃ _š-šamsᵘ wa-ḥattã Ɂadxulᵘ-hā
«I journeyed until the sun should rise and until I was entering it»
كَمَا يَجُوْزُ أَنْ تَقُوْلَ سِرْتُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْجُمْعَةِ وَحَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا 38٠٠٢٤٠ like it passes that you say sir-tu Ɂilã yawmᵢ _l-jumʕatᵢ wa-ḥattã Ɂadxulᵘ-hā
«I journeyed to Friday and until I was entering it»
وَقَاْلَ امْرُؤُ الْقَيْسِ 39٠٦٠٧٣ and _ImruɁᵘ _l-Qaysᵢ said
40
فَهٰذِهِ الْآخِرَةُ هِيَ الَّتِي تَرْفَعُ 41٩٠١٠٥ for this last, it is what foregrounds
In وحَتَّى الْجَيَاْدُ it is حتّى that elaborates رَفْع in the verb.
وَتَقُوْلُ سِرْتُ وَسَاْرَ حَتَّى نَدْخُلُهَا 42٢٠٤٨٥ and you say sir-tu wa-sāra ḥattã nadxulᵘ-hā
«I journeyed and he journeyed until we were entering it»
كَأَنَّكَ قُلْتَ سِرْنَا حَتَّى نَدْخُلُهَا 43٨٥٩١١ like that you say [سِرْنَا] ḥattã [نَدْخُلُهَا]
«We journeyed until we were entering it»
وَتَقُوْلُ سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَسْمَعَ الْأَذَاْنَ 44٩٥٢٠٦ and you say sir-tu ḥattã [أَسْمَعَ] [الْأَذَاْنَ]
«I journeyed until I should hear the call to prayer»
هٰذَا وَجْهُهُ وَحَدُّهُ النَّصْبُ 45٥١٩٥٦ this is its way and its discipline is raising
لِأَنَّ سَيْرَكَ لَيْسَ يُؤَدِّي سَمْعَكَ الْأَذَاْنَ 46٣٩١٣٩ since your journeying does not achieve your hearing the call to prayer.
إنَّمَا يُؤَدِّيْهِ الصُّبْحُ 47٠٧٧٤١ rather the morning achieves it
Morning is what “leads to” (causes) the call to prayer.
وَلَكِنَّكَ تَقُوْلُ سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَكِلُّ 48٤٣٨١٨ but you say sir-tu ḥattã Ɂakillᵘ
«I journeyed until I was tiring»
لِأَنَّ الْكِلَاْلَ يُؤَدِّيْهِ سَيْرُكَ 49٧١٩١٨ since your journeying achieves weariness
وَتَقُوْلُ سِرْتُ حَتَّى أُصْبِحَ 50٢١١٧٨ and you say sir-tu ḥattã Ɂuṣbiḥᵃ
«I journeyed until I should enter the time of dawn»
لأَنَّ الإِصْبَاْحَ لَا يُؤَدِّيْهِ سَيْرُكَ 51٢٥١٦٦ since your journeying does not achieve entering the dawn
إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَاْيَةُ طُلُوْعُ الشَّمْسِ 52٨٢٤٦٢ rather it is the end-point of the rising of the sun

Segment Notes

Segments 30-41: وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوْزُ سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا وَتَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ

Here they key term is وَ, whose functions are coordination (شَرْك, lit. “sharing”) and adjunction/apposition (عَطْف, lit. “bending over, overlapping”).

Commentary

Dicta

  1. سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَهَا زَيْدٌ
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    yadẋulᵃ-hāhe-[should]-enterᵃ-it
    zaydᵘⁿZaydᵘⁿ
    «I journeyed until Zayd should enter it»
    «I journeyed until even Zayd should enter it»
  2. سِرْتُ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    taṭlaʕᵃit-[should]-riseᵃ
    _š-šamsᵘthe sunᵘ
    «I journeyed until that the sun should rise»
  3. سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلُهَا ثَقَلِي
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    yadẋulᵘ-hāit-enters-it
    θaqal-īmy-stuff
    «I journeyed until my stuff does enter it»
    «I journeyed until my stuff was entering it»
  4. سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلُهَا بَدَنِي
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    yadẋulᵘ-hāit-enters-it
    badan-īmy-body
    «I journeyed until my body does enter it»
    «I journeyed until my body was entering it»
  5. سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَهَا زَيْدٌ وَأَدْخُلَهَا
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    yadẋulᵃ-hāhe-[should]-enterᵃ-it
    zaydᵘⁿZaydᵘⁿ
    wa-Ɂadxulᵃ-hāand-I-[should]-enterᵃ-it
    «I journeyed until that Zayd should enter it and I should enter it»
    «I journeyed until even Zayd should enter it and I should enter it»
  6. سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا وَيَدْخُلُهَا زَيْدٌ
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    Ɂadxulᵘ-hāI-enterᵘ-it
    wa-yadxulᵘ-hāand-he-entersᵘ-it
    zaydᵘⁿZaydᵘⁿ
    «I journeyed until I enter it and Zayd enters it»
  7. سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلُهَا زَيْدٌ
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    yadẋulᵘ-hāhe-entersᵘ-it
    zaydᵘⁿZaydᵘⁿ
    «I journeyed until Zayd enters it»
    «I journeyed until even Zayd enters it»
  8. سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلُهَا ثَقَلِي
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    yadẋulᵘ-hāit-enters-it
    θaqal-īmy-stuff
    «I journeyed until my stuff enters it»
  9. سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا وَحَتَّى يَدْخُلَهَا زَيْدٌ
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    Ɂadxulᵘ-hāI-enterᵘ-it
    wa-ḥattãand-until-that
    yadẋulᵃ-hāhe-[should]-enterᵃ-it
    zaydᵘⁿZaydᵘⁿ
    «I journeyed until I enter it and until Zayd should enter it»
  10. سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا وَحَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    Ɂadxulᵘ-hāI-enterᵘ-it
    wa-ḥattãand-until-that
    taṭlaʕᵃit-[should]-riseᵃ
    _š-šamsᵘthe-sunᵘ
    «I journeyed until I enter it and until the sun should rise»
  11. تَبًا لَهُ وَوَيْلٌ لَهُ
    tabbᵃⁿ[تَبًا]
    la-hufor-it
    waylᵃⁿ[وَوَيْلٌ]
    la-hufor-it
    «Perdition for him and woe unto him!»
  12. مَنْ عَمْرًا وَمَنْ أَخُو زَيْدٍ
    manwho
    ʕamrᵃⁿʕAmrᵃⁿ
    wa-manand who
    Ɂaxūbrother
    zaydᵢₙZaydᵢₙ
    «¿Who is Amr and who is the brother of Zayd?»
  13. سِرْتُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلُهَا زَيْدٌ
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    yadẋulᵘ-hāhe-entersᵘ-it
    zaydᵘⁿZaydᵘⁿ
    «I journeyed until Zayd enters it»
    «I journeyed even until Zayd enters it»
    «I journeyed such that Zayd enters it»
  14. سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا وَتَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    Ɂadxulᵘ-hāI-enterᵘ-it
    wa-taṭlaʕᵘit-risesᵘ
    _š-šamsᵘthe-sunᵘ
    «I journeyed until I enter it and the sun rises»
  15. سِرْتُ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ وَحَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    taṭluʕᵃit-[should]-riseᵃ
    _š-šamsᵘthe sunᵃⁿ
    wa-ḥattãand-until-that
    Ɂadxulᵘ-hāI-enterᵘ-it
    «I journeyed until the sun should rise and until I was entering it»
  16. سِرْتُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْجُمْعَةِ وَحَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    Ɂilãto
    yawmᵢday
    _l-jumʕatᵢthe gathering
    wa-ḥattãand-until-that
    Ɂadxulᵘ-hāI-enterᵘ-it
    «I journeyed to Friday and until I was entering it»
  17. سِرْتُ وَسَاْرَ حَتَّى نَدْخُلُهَا
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    wa-sāraand journeyed [he]
    ḥattãuntil-that
    nadxulᵘ-hāwe enter it
    «I journeyed and he journeyed until we were entering it»
  18. سِرْنَا حَتَّى نَدْخُلُهَا
    [سِرْنَا][سِرْنَا]
    ḥattãuntil-that
    [نَدْخُلُهَا][نَدْخُلُهَا]
    «We journeyed until we were entering it»
  19. سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَسْمَعَ الْأَذَاْنَ
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    [أَسْمَعَ][أَسْمَعَ]
    [الْأَذَاْنَ][الْأَذَاْنَ]
    «I journeyed until I should hear the call to prayer»
  20. سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَكِلُّ
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    ɁakillᵘI was tiring
    «I journeyed until I was tiring»
  21. سِرْتُ حَتَّى أُصْبِحَ
    sir-tujourneyed-I
    ḥattãuntil-that
    ɁuṣbiḥᵃI should enter dawntime
    «I journeyed until I should enter the time of dawn»

Poetry

  1. سَرَيْتُ بِهِمْ حَتَّى تَكِلَّ مَطِيُّهُمْ
    [سَرَيْتُ][سَرَيْتُ]
    [بِهِمْ][بِهِمْ]
    ḥattãuntil-that
    [تَكِلَّ][تَكِلَّ]
    [مَطِيُّهُمْ][مَطِيُّهُمْ]
    وحَتَّى الْجَيَاْدُ مَا يُقَدْنَ بِأَرْسَاْنِ
    [وحَتَّى][وحَتَّى]
    [الْجَيَاْدُ][الْجَيَاْدُ]
    mānot
    [يُقَدْنَ][يُقَدْنَ]
    [بِأَرْسَاْنِ][بِأَرْسَاْنِ]

Quran

  1. سورة ٢ البقرة آية ٢١٤وَزُلْزِلُوْا حَتَّى يَقُوْلَ الرَّسُوْلُ
    [وَزُلْزِلُوْا][وَزُلْزِلُوْا]
    ḥattãuntil-that
    yaqūlᵃhe-sayᵃ
    [الرَّسُوْلُ][الرَّسُوْلُ]
  2. سورة ٢ البقرة آية ٢١٤وَزَلْزِلُوْا حَتَّى يَقُوْلُ الرَّسُوْلُ
    [وَزَلْزِلُوْا][وَزَلْزِلُوْا]
    ḥattãuntil-that
    yaqūlᵘhe-saysᵘ
    [الرَّسُوْلُ][الرَّسُوْلُ]

Colophon

Pagination

Derenbourg
١-٣٧١
بلاق
١-٤١٦
هارون
٣-٢٥
يعقوب
٣-٢٤
البكّاء
٤-١٣٧

Status(revision / pct complete)

Tashkeel
1 / 100%
Segmentation
1 / 100%
Dicta
1 / 100%
Poetry
1 / 100%
Quran
1 / 100%

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